GB/T 17227-1998 中小学生教科书卫生标准
时间:2024-05-14 08:09:28 来源: 标准资料网 作者：标准资料网 阅读：8982
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 中小学生教科书卫生标准 |
| 英文名称： | Health STANDARD of textbook for elementary and secondary school student |
| 中标分类： |
医药、卫生、劳动保护 >>
卫生 >>
学校卫生 |
| ICS分类： |
医药卫生技术 >>
医学科学和保健装置综合
|
| 发布部门： | 国家技术监督局 |
| 发布日期： | 1998-01-21 |
| 实施日期： | 1998-10-01 |
| 首发日期： | 1998-01-21 |
| 作废日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 主管部门： | 卫生部 |
| 归口单位： | 卫生部 |
| 起草单位： | 上海医科大学公共卫生学院 |
| 出版社： | 中国标准出版社 |
| 出版日期： | 1998-10-01 |
| 页数： | 平装16开， 页数：5， 字数：5千字 |
| 书号： | 155066.1-15009 |
适用范围
本标准规定了中小学生教科书的纸张、排版、印刷的卫生要求。本标准适用于中小学校使用的汉字教科书，其他中小学读物亦参照执行。
前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类： 医药 卫生 劳动保护 卫生 学校卫生 医药卫生技术 医学科学和保健装置综合
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforSimulationofSubsurfaceAirflowUsingGround-WaterFlowModelingCodes
【原文标准名称】:用地下水流动模型代码模拟地下空气流动标准导则
【标准号】:ASTMD5719-1995(2006)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:空气流动;模型;指南;地下水;地下用;水流模式代码;水流模式代码;水类型;计算机类型;地下的;模式;土壤消除;土中空气流动;模拟
【英文主题词】:airflow;computermodel;groundwater;simulation;soilventing
【摘要】:Theuseofvaporextractionsystems(VES),alsocalledsoilvaporextraction(SVE)orventingsystems,isbecomingacommonremedialtechnologyapplicabletositescontaminatedwithvolatilecompounds(3,4).Avaporextractionsystemiscomposedofwellsortrenchesscreenedwithinthevadosezone.Airisextractedfromthesewellstoremoveorganiccompoundsthatreadilypartitionbetweensolidorliquidphasesintothegasphase.Thevolatilecontaminantsareremovedinthegasphaseandtreatedordischargedtotheatmosphere.Inmanycases,thevaporextractionsystemalsoincorporateswellsopentotheatmospherethatactasairinjectionwells.Note18212;Fewmodelcodesareavailablethatallowsimulationofthemovementofair,water,andnonaqueousliquidsthroughthesubsurface.Thosemodelcodesthatareavailable(5,6),requireinordinatecomputehardware,arecomplicatedtouse,andrequirecollectionoffielddatathatmaybedifficultorexpensivetoobtain.Inthefuture,ascomputercapabilitiesexpand,thismaynotbeasignificantproblem.Today,however,thesecomplexmodelsarenotappliedroutinelytothedesignofvaporextractionsystems.Thisguidepresentsapproximatemethodstoefficientlysimulatethemovementofairthroughthevadosezone.Thesemethodsneglectthepresenceofwaterandotherliquidsinthevadosezone;however,thesetechniquesaremucheasiertoapplyandrequiresignificantlylesscomputerhardwarethanmorerobustnumericalmodels.Thisguideshouldbeusedbyground-watermodelerstoapproximatelysimulatethemovementofairinthevadosezone.Useofthisguidetosimulatesubsurfaceairmovementdoesnotguaranteethattheairflowmodelisvalid.Thisguidesimplydescribesmathematicaltechniquesforsimulatingsubsurfaceairmovementwithground-watermodelingcodes.Aswithanymodelingstudy,themodelermusthaveathoroughunderstandingofsiteconditionswithsupportingdatainordertoproperlyapplythetechniquespresentedinthisguide.1.1Thisguidecoverstheuseofaground-waterflowmodelingcodetosimulatethemovementofairinthesubsurface.Thisapproximationispossiblebecausetheformoftheground-waterflowequationsaresimilarinformtoairflowequations.Approximatemethodsarepresentedthatallowthevariablesintheairflowequationstobereplacedwithequivalenttermsintheground-waterflowequations.Themodeloutputisthentransformedbacktoairflowterms.1.2Thisguideillustratesthemajorstepstotakeindevelopinganairflowmodelusinganexistingground-waterflowmodelingcode.Thisguidedoesnotrecommendtheuseofaparticularmodelcode.Mostground-waterflowmodelingcodescanbeutilized,becausethetechniquesdescribedinthisguiderequiremodificationtomodelinputandnottothecode.1.3Thisguideisnotintendedtobeallinclusive.Othersimilartechniquesmaybeapplicabletoairflowmodeling,aswellasmorecomplexvariablysaturatedground-waterflowmodelingcodes.Thisguidedoesnotprecludetheuseofothertechniques,butpresentstechniquesthatcanbeeasilyappliedusingexistingground-waterflowmodelingcodes.1.4Thisguideisoneofaseriesofstandardsonground-watermodelapplications,includingGuidesD5447andD5490.ThisguideshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithGuideD5447.Otherstandardshavebeenpreparedonenvironmentalmodeling,suchasPracticeE978.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisst......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_10;13_080_01
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforCalculatingThermalDiffusivityofRocks
【原文标准名称】:计算岩石的热扩散系数的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD4612-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.12
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:density;heatingtests-specificheat;enthalpy;isotropiccontent;porosity;rock;temperaturetests;thermalanalysis-diffusivity;Density--soil/rock/relatedmaterials;Heatingtests--soil/rock;Isotropicrockspecimens;Lasersandlaserapplicatio
【摘要】:Thethermaldiffusivityisaparameterthatarisesinthesolutionoftransientheatconductionproblems.Itgenerallycharacterizestherateatwhichaheatpulsewilldiffusethroughasolidmaterial.Thenumberofparametersrequiredforsolutionofatransientheatconductionproblemdependsonboththegeometryandimposedboundaryconditions.Inafewspecialcases,onlythethermaldiffusivityofthematerialisrequired.Inmostcases,separatevaluesofk,x03C1;,andcparerequiredinadditiontox03B1;.Thispracticeprovidesaconsistentsetofparametersfornumericaloranalyticalheatconductioncalculationsrelatedtoheattransportthroughrocks.Inordertousethispracticefordeterminationofthethermaldiffusivity,alloftherequiredparameters(k,x03C1;,cp)mustbedeterminedunderasnearidenticalspecimenconditionsaspossible.Thediffusivitydeterminedbythispracticecanonlybeusedtoanalyzeheattransportinrockunderthermalconditionsidenticaltothoseexistingforthek,x03C1;,andcpmeasurements.Note38212;Notwithstandingthestatementsonprecisionandbiascontainedinthistestmethod;theprecisionofthistestmethodisdependentonthecompetenceofthepersonnelperformingit,andthesuitabilityoftheequipmentandfacilitiesused.AgenciesthatmeetthecriteriaofPracticeD3740aregenerallyconsideredcapableofcompetentandobjectivetesting.UsersofthistestmethodarecautionedthatcompliancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitselfassurereliabletesting.Reliabletestingdependsonmanyfactors;PracticeD3740providesameansofevaluatingsomeofthesefactors.1.1Thispracticeinvolvescalculationofthethermaldiffusivityfrommeasuredvaluesofthemassdensity,thermalconductivity,andspecificheatatconstantpressure.Itisapplicableforanymaterialswherethesedatacanbedetermined.Thetemperaturerangecoveredbythispracticeis20to300x00B0;C.Note18212;Thediffusivity,asdeterminedbythispractice,isintendedtobeavolumeaveragevalue,withtheaveragingvolumebeingx2265;2x00D7;10x2212;5m3(20cm3).Thisrequirementnecessitatestheuseofspecimenswithvolumesgreaterthantheminimumaveragingvolumeandprecludesuseofflashmethodsofmeasuringthermaldiffusivity,suchasthelaserpulsetechnique.Note28212;Thispracticeiscloselylinkedtotheoveralltestprocedureusedinobtainingtheprimarydataondensity,specificheat,andconductivity.Itcannotbeusedasax201C;standalonex201D;practicebecausethethermaldiffusivityvaluescalculatedbythispracticearedependentonthenatureoftheprimarydatabase.Thepracticefurnishesgeneralguidelinesbutcannotbeconsideredtobeall-inclusive.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoinch-poundunitsthatareprovidedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.